<p class="western" align="right"></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Baskerville Old Face, Baskerville Old Face, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Massima</b></span></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Baskerville Old Face, Baskerville Old Face, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i>Nel contesto tradizionale della tutela demolitoria irrompe, innovativamente, quella risarcitoria, con evidente necessità di coordinare i due rimedi, il primo dei quali appare riconducibile alla sfera della tutela in forma specifica, ed il secondo all’orbita della tutela c.d. per equivalente; superata la c.d. pregiudiziale amministrativa, il codice del processo amministrativo ammette la tutela risarcitoria c.d. pura (o autonoma), circondandola tuttavia da una serie di condizionamenti che presidiano l’interesse pubblico e, ad un tempo, scongiurano contegni maliziosi da parte di chi </i></span></span><span style="font-family: Baskerville Old Face, Baskerville Old Face, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">ex ante</span></span><span style="font-family: Baskerville Old Face, Baskerville Old Face, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i> non impugna per tempo proprio allo scopo di veder crescere l’importo dei danni da farsi riconoscere, </i></span></span><span style="font-family: Baskerville Old Face, Baskerville Old Face, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">ex post</span></span><span style="font-family: Baskerville Old Face, Baskerville Old Face, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i>, dal giudice amministrativo.</i></span></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>Crono-articolo</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>1942</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il codice civile, oltre a </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>plurime disposizioni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in materia </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>risarcitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> – come l’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.1218</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in tema di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>responsabilità c.d. “</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>contrattuale</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>”</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (meglio additabile come “</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>da obbligo precostituito</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">”), l’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.2043</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in tema di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>responsabilità da fatto illecito</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> – prevede anche fattispecie “</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>demolitorie</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">” di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>annullamento di atti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, come ad esempio </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>all’art.23</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in materia di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>annullamento e sospensione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> delle </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>deliberazioni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>assemblea di una associazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. Lo stesso </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>contratto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> può essere oggetto di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>annullamento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in caso di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>raggiri dolosi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di un contraente ai danni dell’altro </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ai sensi dell’art.1439</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">; in queste ipotesi, il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>contraente </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>decipiens</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> è </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tenuto a risarcire i danni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> – nei limiti dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>interesse negativo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> - al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>contraente </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>deceptus</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che abbia </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ottenuto l’annullamento del contratto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, stante anche il disposto dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.1338</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> c.c.; tuttavia, come palesa la fattispecie del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>dolo c.d. incidente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ex </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.1440</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>domanda risarcitoria non è condizionata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>previo annullamento del contratto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, potendo il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>contraente </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>deceptus</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ottenere il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>risarcimento dei danni anche</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in caso di contratto che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>resti valido ed efficace</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (dovendo chiedersi se in questi casi sia risarcibile </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>anche l’interesse positivo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, collegato dunque </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>all’esecuzione del contratto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">: la giurisprudenza parlerà in proposito di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>c.d. “</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>danno differenziale</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>”</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, corrispondente alla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>differenza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> tra il “</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>meno</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">” </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>concretamente</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ottenuto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ed il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>“</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>più</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>” che si sarebbe ottenuto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> laddove la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>formazione del consenso</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>una delle parti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> non fosse stata </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>viziata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">). Anche in tema di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>risoluzione del contratto</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>a prestazioni corrispettive</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ex </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.1453</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> si assiste ad una fattispecie di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tutela demolitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> cui fa seguito </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’obbligo di risarcire il danno al contraente adempiente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> gravante in capo al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>contraente inadempiente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> cui </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>è imputabile la risoluzione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. Importante l’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.2377</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in tema di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>impugnazione delle delibere societarie</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, in cui è prevista (in rapporto alla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>quota di capitale sociale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> posseduta) la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>legittimazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>taluni soci</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ad </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>impugnare le delibere illegittime</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, e per altri </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>privi di tale legittimazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>facoltà di spiccare azione risarcitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>senza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ovviamente il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>previo annullamento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della delibera illegittima, che essi non possono impugnare), e tuttavia per entrambe le categorie di soci (e di rimedi) è previsto un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>termine decadenziale di 90 giorni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. In materia di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>risarcimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>danno c.d. contrattuale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, nel disciplinare il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>concorso del fatto colposo del creditore</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, si prevede poi all’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.1227</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> da un lato che qualora il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>fatto colposo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del creditore abbia </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>concorso a cagionare</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> il danno, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>il <a href="http://www.brocardi.it/dizionario/3912.html">risarcimento</a> è diminuito</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> secondo la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>gravità della colpa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e l'</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>entità delle conseguenze</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che ne sono derivate; dall’altro che il risarcimento </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non è dovuto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per i </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>danni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che il creditore </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>avrebbe potuto evitare</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> usando </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l'<a href="http://www.brocardi.it/dizionario/1533.html">ordinaria diligenza</a></b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>1948</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 01 gennaio entra in vigore la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>Costituzione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> repubblicana che – sul crinale </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>risarcitorio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> - prevede una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>norma esplicitamente dedicata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> alla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>responsabilità dei pubblici dipendenti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">: si tratta dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.28</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, onde i </span><a href="http://www.brocardi.it/dizionario/122.html"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>funzionari</b></span></a><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e i </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>dipendenti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dello </span><a href="http://www.brocardi.it/dizionario/123.html"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>Stato</b></span></a><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e degli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>altri <a href="http://www.brocardi.it/dizionario/123.html">enti pubblici</a></b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> sono </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>direttamente <a href="http://www.brocardi.it/dizionario/124.html">responsabili</a></b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, secondo le </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>leggi <a href="http://www.brocardi.it/dizionario/124.html">penali, civili e amministrative</a></b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, degli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>atti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> compiuti </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>in violazione di <a href="http://www.brocardi.it/dizionario/107.html">diritti</a></b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, con la precisazione che in tali casi – di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>diretta responsabilità</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dei funzionari e dei dipendenti pubblici - la </span><a href="http://www.brocardi.it/dizionario/124.html"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>responsabilità civile</b></span></a><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (e </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non anche</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>penale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ed </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>amministrativa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) “</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>si estende</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">” allo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>Stato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e agli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>enti pubblici medesimi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. Sul </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>versante demolitorio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> rilevante è invece </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’art.113</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della Carta, onde </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>contro gli atti della PA</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> è </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sempre ammessa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tutela giurisdizionale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dei </span><a href="http://www.brocardi.it/dizionario/107.html"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>diritti</b></span></a><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e degli </span><a href="http://www.brocardi.it/dizionario/107.html"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>interessi legittimi</b></span></a><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dinanzi agli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b><a href="http://www.brocardi.it/dizionario/430.html">organi di giurisdizione ordinaria</a> o <a href="http://www.brocardi.it/dizionario/3657.html">amministrativa</a></b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, tutela che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non può essere esclusa o limitata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> a </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>particolari mezzi di <a href="http://www.brocardi.it/dizionario/431.html">impugnazione</a></b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> o </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>per determinate categorie di atti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">; importante in particolare il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>comma 3</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, alla cui stregua </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>la legge</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> determina </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>quali organi di <a href="http://www.brocardi.it/dizionario/5480.html">giurisdizione</a></b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> possono </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>annullare gli atti della PA</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> nei </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>casi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e con gli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>effetti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> previsti dalla legge stessa: si tratta di una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>riserva di legge</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in materia di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>giurisdizione sull’annullamento degli atti amministrativi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (tutela demolitoria) che dunque </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non necessariamente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> appartiene </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>al GA</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>1992</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 19 febbraio viene varata la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>legge n. 142</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di recepimento della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>c.d. Direttiva Ricorsi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>1989</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> alla cui stregua (</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.13</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">), nel </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>settore peculiare degli appalti pubblici di lavori o di forniture</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, laddove la PA compia </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>atti in violazione del diritto comunitario</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> o delle </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>relative norme interne di recepimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> – ancorché ad essere lesi siano </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>interessi legittimi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, e </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non già diritti soggettivi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (tipica l’ipotesi della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>partecipazione alle gare</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) – va </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>garantito in ogni caso</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> al privato che si assuma leso da tali violazioni il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>risarcimento del danno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. Si tratta di una disposizione che si applica </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non a tutti gli appalti di lavori e di forniture</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, ma </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>solo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> a quelli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sopra-soglia</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, coinvolti come tali dall’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>applicazione delle norme comunitarie</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">; inoltre, occorre </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sempre preventivamente chiedere ed ottenere</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> l’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>annullamento dell’atto illegittimo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> innanzi al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>GA</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, per </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>poi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> procedere ad invocare la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tutela risarcitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> innanzi al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>GO </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">(c.d. </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>pregiudiziale amministrativa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">).</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>2006</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 13 giugno escono le due ordinanze delle </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>SSUU</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> <a href="http://www.altalex.com/documents/news/2006/11/16/responsabilita-civile-della-p-a-il-decalogo-delle-sezioni-unite-sulla-giurisdizione">n. 13659</a> e <a href="http://www.altalex.com/documents/news/2008/02/13/cassazione-civile-ss-uu-ordinanza-13-06-2006-n-13660">n. 13660</a> onde </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tutela risarcitoria autonoma</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> significa tutela che spetta alla parte privata per il fatto che la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>situazione soggettiva</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> è stata </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sacrificata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> da un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>potere esercitato in modo illegittimo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>domanda</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> con cui questa tutela è chiesta invoca dal giudice </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’accertamento dell'illegittimità di tale agire</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. Questo accertamento </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non può perciò risultare precluso</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dalla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>inoppugnabilità del provvedimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (c.d. </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>pregiudiziale amministrativa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">), né il diritto al risarcimento può essere </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>di per sé disconosciuto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> a cagione di ciò che invece </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>concorre a determinare il danno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, ovvero proprio la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>regolazione che il rapporto ha avuto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> sulla base del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>provvedimento</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>illegittimo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e che la pubblica amministrazione </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ha mantenuto</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>nonostante</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> appunto la relativa </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>illegittimità</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. Dunque il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rifiuto della tutela risarcitoria autonoma</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, motivato dal GA sotto gli aspetti indicati, si rivela </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sindacabile</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> attraverso il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ricorso per cassazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>motivi attinenti alla giurisdizione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i>sub specie</i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>denegata giustizia</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 15 giugno esce l’ordinanza delle </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>SSUU</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> n.13911, che ribadisce quanto già affermato due giorni prima dalle ordinanze 13659 e 13660 in tema di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>pregiudiziale amministrativa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>diniego di giustizia</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sindacabilità della sentenza del GA</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> innanzi alle SSUU per motivi di giurisdizione.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>2008</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 28 dicembre esce la sentenza delle </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>SSUU</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> n. 30254, che assume come sia nella </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>disponibilità del legislatore</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> disciplinare </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>in concreto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tutela delle situazioni giuridiche soggettive</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, se del caso prevedendo un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>termine di decadenza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’esercizio di un’azione anche risarcitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, come significativamente accade </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>in materia societaria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> laddove il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>socio che non sia legittimato ad impugnare</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> una delibera societaria può tuttavia </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>spiccare domanda di risarcimento del danno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, e tuttavia entro </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>un termine decadenziale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>90 giorni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, ex art.2377 c.c.: si tratta di una presa di posizione </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non condivisa da tutta la dottrina</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, per taluni essendo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>inconcepibile un termine di decadenza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per l’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>azione risarcitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, ma semmai </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>soltanto un termine prescrizionale</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>molto ridotto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, trattandosi di tutelare il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>diritto al risarcimento del danno)</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. Ancora, le SSUU rammentano come nel campo del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>diritto del lavoro</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, ad una problematica di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rapporti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> tra </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tutela demolitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tutela risarcitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dà luogo la disciplina del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>licenziamento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e della relativa </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>impugnazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (artt. 6 ed 8 della L. 15 luglio 1966, n. 604; 8 della L. 20 maggio 1970, n. 300), specificandosi che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l'orientamento della giurisprudenza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> al riguardo è nel senso onde la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>mancata impugnazione del licenziamento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (come </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>atto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) nel </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>termine </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">fissato </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non comporta</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>liceità del recesso</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> datoriale (inteso </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>come comportamento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e dunque riferito al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rapporto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">: viene citata in particolare la sentenza n. 21833 del 2006), l'</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>inoppugnabilità</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del licenziamento </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>precludendo </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">al lavoratore, oltre alla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tutela reale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>reintegrazione nel posto di lavoro</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tutela</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> sul </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>piano risarcitorio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>danno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> costituito ed originato dalla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>mancata percezione degli emolumenti altrimenti spettanti,</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> senza però che l'</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ingiustizia del licenziamento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> perda tale connotato (l’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ingiustizia</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> appunto), che resta </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>suscettibile di accertamento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> laddove si presenti come </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>componente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>più ampia condotta lesiva</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, vale a dire quando ha concorso a </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>provocare un danno diverso</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> da quello </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>patrimoniale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> costituito dalla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>perdita degli emolumenti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. Per la Corte poi, sotto altro profilo e ribadendo quanto già affermato </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>nel 2006</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, proposta al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>GA</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>domanda risarcitoria autonoma</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, intesa alla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>condanna al risarcimento del danno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> prodotto dall'</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>esercizio illegittimo della funzione amministrativa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, è </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>viziata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> da </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>violazione di norme sulla giurisdizione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ed è come tale soggetta a </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>cassazione per motivi attinenti alla giurisdizione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> la decisione del giudice amministrativo che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>nega la tutela risarcitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> degli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>interessi legittimi </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">sul presupposto che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l'illegittimità dell'atto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> non sia stata </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>precedentemente richiesta e dichiarata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in sede di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>annullamento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">: in sostanza, si tratta di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>diniego di giustizia del GA</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> sindacabile dalle </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>SSUU</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, pur potendo il legislatore, in futuro, prevedere per l’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>eventuale azione risarcitoria autonoma</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>termine di decadenza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, quale è appunto previsto </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>in materia societaria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. La legittimazione a </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>chiedere il danno in via autonoma</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, introdotta per via </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>pretoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dalle </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>SSUU</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, conduce </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>parte della dottrina</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> a porsi il problema della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>malizia di un privato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non impugni tempestivamente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> l’atto amministrativo e </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>poi invochi i danni che derivano</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> da tale (magari </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>dolosa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>omessa impugnazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, valorizzando all’uopo – nell’ottica della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>pretesa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e della “</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>spettanza</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">” – </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’art.1227</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> c.c., il cui </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>comma 2</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>esclude</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dal novero dei </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>danni risarcibili</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> quelli che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>il creditore avrebbe potuto scongiurare</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> attivando l’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ordinaria diligenza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e dunque, nel caso di specie, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>proprio impugnando tempestivamente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> l’atto.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>2009</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 18 giugno viene varata la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>legge delega n.69</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, il cui </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>articolo 44</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> delega per l’appunto il Governo ad emanare </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>norme sul processo amministrativo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, anche per quanto concerne i </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rapporti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> tra </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>azione di annullamento dell’atto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>demolitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) ed </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>azione di risarcimento del danno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>risarcitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">).</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>2010</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 2 luglio viene varato il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>decreto legislativo n.104</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>codice del processo amministrativo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, il cui </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>articolo 30</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, tra le altre cose, chiude un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>annoso dibattito</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> sviluppatosi </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>storicamente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in ordine c.d. </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>pregiudiziale amministrativa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, ovvero alla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>possibilità </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">(o meno)</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b> per il privato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di invocare il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>risarcimento del danno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> da </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>provvedimento illegittimo della PA</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> anche </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>senza aver previamente impugnato nei termini</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>provvedimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> medesimo, che dunque </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>resta valido ed efficace</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. Secondo il comma 1 infatti </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l'azione di condanna</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> verso la PA può essere proposta </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>contestualmente ad altra azione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (segnatamente, quella tradizionale </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>demolitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> o </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>di annullamento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) o, nei </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>soli casi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>giurisdizione esclusiva</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e nei casi di cui al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>medesimo articolo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>anche in via autonoma</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, mentre stando al comma 2 può essere chiesta la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>condanna al risarcimento del danno “</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>ingiusto</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>”</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> derivante dall'</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>illegittimo esercizio dell'attivita' amministrativa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> o dal </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>mancato esercizio di quella obbligatoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, con evidente richiamo alla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>terminologia sull’ingiustizia del danno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di cui all’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.2043</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> c.c.. Dopo aver previsto al comma 3 che la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>domanda (autonoma) </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">di</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b> risarcimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>lesione di interessi legittimi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e' proposta </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>entro il termine di decadenza di 120 giorni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> decorrente dal giorno in cui </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>il fatto si e' verificato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ovvero dalla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>conoscenza del provvedimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> se il danno deriva direttamente da questo, il legislatore del codice afferma che, nel </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>determinare</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>il risarcimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, il giudice </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>valuta tutte le circostanze di fatto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>comportamento complessivo delle parti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e, comunque, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>esclude</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> il risarcimento dei </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>danni che si sarebbero potuti evitare</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> usando l'</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ordinaria diligenza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, anche attraverso l'esperimento degli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>strumenti di tutela previsti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, con un richiamo (seppure </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>implicito</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>all’art.1227</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> c.c. in tema di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>diligenza del danneggiato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. Alla stregua del comma 4, per il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>risarcimento dell'eventuale danno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che il ricorrente </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>comprovi di aver subito</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in conseguenza dell'</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>inosservanza dolosa o colposa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del termine di conclusione del procedimento, il termine di cui al comma 3 (120 giorni) </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non decorre</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> fintanto che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>perdura l'inadempimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, iniziando tuttavia </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>comunque a decorrere</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (in caso appunto di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>silenzio c.d. inadempimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) dopo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>un anno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dalla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>scadenza del termine per provvedere</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">.</span><b> </b><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">La norma prosegue (comma 5) affermando come nel caso in cui sia stata proposta </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>azione di annullamento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>domanda risarcitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> può essere formulata </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>nel corso del giudizio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> o, comunque, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sino a 120 giorni dal passaggio in giudicato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della relativa </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sentenza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">; e precisando (comma 6) che di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ogni domanda</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>condanna al risarcimento di danni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per lesioni di interessi legittimi o, nelle materie di giurisdizione esclusiva, di diritti soggettivi </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>conosce esclusivamente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>giudice amministrativo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. L’ipotesi del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>risarcimento del danno in via autonoma</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, ai sensi dell’art.30, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>comma 3</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, c.p.a. è </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’unica</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in cui è consentito al GA di “</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>disapplicare</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">” (in senso atecnico) il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>provvedimento amministrativo illegittimo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, al fine appunto di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>garantire</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ricorrente “</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>autonomo</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>”</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>risarcimento del danno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, come viene ribadito al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>successivo art.34</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del c.p.a. medesimo, laddove viene fatto appunto </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>divieto al GA di conoscere</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>incidentalmente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>legittimità di atti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che il ricorrente </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>avrebbe dovuto impugnare</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>direttamente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) con l’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>azione di annullamento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ai sensi dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.29</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, fatta salva proprio l’ipotesi prevista dall’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.30, comma 3</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, della richiesta di</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b> risarcimento del danno</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>senza previa tempestiva impugnazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>atto amministrativo assunto illegittimo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. In questa fattispecie non si tratta in realtà di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>vera e propria disapplicazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in quanto il GA, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>lungi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dal considerare il provvedimento (quand’anche ormai inoppugnabile) </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>tamquam non esset</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, lo pone invece </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>alla base della propria decisione</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>di condanna</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (o di mancata condanna) al risarcimento del danno, nell’ottica dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>illecito</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> perpetrato dalla PA </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>giusta il ridetto atto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, unitamente ad </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>altri elementi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">;</span><b> </b><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> si tratta piuttosto proprio di una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>eccezionale cognizione </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>incidenter tantum</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dell’atto da parte del GA, che lo scandaglia </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>in via incidentale a fini risarcitori</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (e </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, come in genera fa, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>in via principale a fini di annullamento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">). Peraltro l’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.34, comma 3</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, consente al GA di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non chiudere</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> il processo pur al cospetto di una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>improcedibilità dell’azione di annullamento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> allorché sussista </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’interesse ad accertare</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>incidentalmente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> proprio </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’illegittimità dell’atto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> a fini (non più caducatori, ma) </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>risarcitori</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. Assai importante l’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.124 del codice</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in materia di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>appalti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, rubricato “</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>tutela in forma specifica e per equivalente</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">”, alla cui stregua l'</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>accoglimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>domanda di conseguire l'aggiudicazione e il contratto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (tutela </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>in forma specifica</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> connessa ad una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>pretesa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e ad una “</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>spettanza</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">”) è comunque </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>condizionato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> alla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>dichiarazione di inefficacia</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>del contratto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> già stipulato con il terzo controinteressato (ai sensi degli <a href="http://pa.leggiditalia.it/#id=10LX0000676805ART274,__m=document" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">articoli 121</a>, comma 1, e <a href="http://pa.leggiditalia.it/#id=10LX0000676805ART275,__m=document" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">122</a>); se il giudice </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non dichiara l'inefficacia</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del detto contratto, dispone il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>risarcimento del danno per equivalente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, subìto (deve dunque essere stato </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>effettivamente subito</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) e provato (deve dunque essere </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rigorosamente provato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">); la norma aggiunge che la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>condotta processuale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della parte che, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>senza giustificato motivo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ha proposto la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>domanda</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>conseguire l'aggiudicazione e il contratto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, o </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non si è resa disponibile a subentrare</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> nel contratto, è </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>valutata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dal giudice ai sensi <a href="http://pa.leggiditalia.it/#id=05AC00003062,__m=document" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">dell'</a></span><a href="http://pa.leggiditalia.it/#id=05AC00003062,__m=document" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>articolo 1227</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del codice civile</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, con una ulteriore valorizzazione della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>diligenza </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">del</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b> danneggiato (</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">questa volta</span><b> </b><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">tuttavia</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b> esplicita </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">stante appunto il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>richiamo</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>espressis verbis</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> alla norma del codice civile).</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>2011</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 23 marzo esce la sentenza dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>Adunanza Plenaria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del Consiglio di Stato </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>n.3</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che si occupa della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>caduta della c.d. pregiudiziale amministrativa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ai sensi dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.30, comma 3</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, del c.p.a., e dunque della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>possibilità di spiccare nei 120 giorni</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>autonoma azione di condanna</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della PA al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>risarcimento dei danni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> provocati da un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>atto illegittimo non impugnato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. L’Adunanza si pone in una prospettiva ermeneutica tesa a valorizzare il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>principio di autoresponsabilità</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del privato ricorrente, anche dal punto di vista degli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>effetti </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">della</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b> mancata impugnazione dell’atto </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">sul</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b> nesso causale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ascendenza civilistica</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che avvince </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>fatto illecito</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>danno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, di cui all’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.1223</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> c.c. Per il Consiglio il fatto che il danneggiato abbia </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tenuto una condotta attiva od omissiva</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>contraria al principio di buona fede</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ed al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>parametro della diligenza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> può implicare la produzione di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>danni che altrimenti sarebbero stati evitati</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> proprio secondo il canone della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>causalità civile</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, imperniato sulla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>probabilità relativa </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">(c.d. “</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>più probabile che non</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">”); si assiste in simili ipotesi (sovente riscontrabili proprio in </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>difetto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tempestiva impugnazione dell’atto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in sede </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>demolitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) alla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>recisione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, in tutto o in parte, del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>nesso causale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che ai sensi dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.1223 c.c.</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> deve avvincere la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>condotta antigiuridica</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (della PA) alle </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>conseguenze dannose</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (assunte) risarcibili. Questo è il motivo per il quale, nella fattispecie disegnata dall’art.30 del c.p.a., allorché il privato </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non impugni tempestivamente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> il provvedimento amministrativo assunto illegittimo, chiedendo nondimeno </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>in via autonoma il risarcimento dei danni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, l’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>omessa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> o </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tardiva</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>impugnazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dell’atto amministrativo rileva – sul </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>crinale causale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> – dal punto di vista </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sostanziale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (e non processuale), proprio perché </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>incide sul nesso causale civilistico</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> precludendo la risarcibilità di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>quei danni che sarebbero presumibilmente stati evitati</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> laddove il privato medesimo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>avesse ritualmente fatto uso</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dello strumento di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tutela specifica</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> predisposto dall’ordinamento a </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>protezione delle posizioni di interesse legittimo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> onde scongiurare proprio il consolidarsi (a cagione della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>mancata, tempestiva impugnazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) di effetti dannosi. In sostanza, facendo applicazione del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>principio di buona fede</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>canone di solidarietà</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (il cui addentellato è </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’art.2 della Costituzione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) il GA – pur </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non potendo precludere in rito</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> l’azione risarcitoria in caso di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>omessa, tempestiva impugnazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dell’atto amministrativo – può tuttavia, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>nel merito</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>evitare di accordare il risarcimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per tutti quei danni che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sarebbero stati</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per l’appunto </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>evitabili con l’ordinaria diligenza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, attraverso un’applicazione dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.1227, comma 2</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, c.c. che – pur </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non formalmente richiamato dall’art.30, comma 3</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, del c.p.a. – risulta esservi </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>richiamato sul crinale sostanziale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, essendone stato </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>mutuato il regime applicativo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in tema di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>concorso di colpa del creditore</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. Peraltro il c.p.a. si esprime in termini </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>più generali</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>mancata attivazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> degli “</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>strumenti di tutela</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">” da parte del privato, che potrebbe dunque vedersi </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ridotto (o eliso) il risarcimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> anche laddove </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non abbia spiccato un ricorso amministrativo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> o </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non abbia chiesto alla PA</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di provvedere in sede di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>autotutela</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">: per vero, proprio il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>principio di solidarietà</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di cui all’art.2 Cost., ed il connesso </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>principio di buona fede</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di cui all’art.1175 c.c., impongono anche alla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>vittima di una condotta illecita</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>attivarsi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per scongiurare il prodursi o il lievitare dei </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>danni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, almeno fino alla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>soglia</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>esigibilità</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del proprio comportamento, che è da assumersi tale (</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>esigibile</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) fino al punto in cui </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>lambisce la soglia dell’apprezzabile sacrificio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. Da questo punto di vista, per l’Adunanza Plenaria </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non occorre l’eccezione processuale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dell’Amministrazione, essendo il GA dotato di un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>potere di rilievo officioso</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> al fine di acquisire – anche giusta </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>presunzioni ex art.2727</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e seguenti c.c. - tutti gli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>elementi di prova</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che gli occorrono al fine di formulare un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>giudizio prognostico</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in ordine al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>prevedibile esito</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che avrebbe avuto </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’azione demolitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, ove tempestivamente spiccata dal privato (magari con corredo di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>istanza cautelare</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, anche </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>ante causam</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">), specie in termini appunto di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>evitabilità dei danni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e di conseguente </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non risarcibilità</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dei medesimi. Come è ovvio, la domanda risarcitoria è invece </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>fondata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> quando il ricorrente </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non ha chiesto tempestivamente l’annullamento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dell’atto assecondando una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>scelta discrezionale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che si palesa </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>razionale ed insindacabile</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per essere </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>venuto meno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (o per </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non essersi mai palesato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’interesse all’annullamento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dell’atto medesimo, come nelle ipotesi in cui esso sia stato </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>immediatamente eseguito dalla PA</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, producendo una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>modifica irreversibile</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (in questa fattispecie la richiesta di annullamento si rivela </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>inutile</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">), ovvero allorché i </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tempi tecnici del processo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> compromettano, secondo una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>valutazione ragionevole</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, l’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>efficacia della tutela demolitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (sicché si invoca un annullamento che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>chissà se e quando arriverà</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">); un’altra ipotesi in cui la domanda risarcitoria appare </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>fondata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non intaccata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> – nemmeno in ordine al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>quantum</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b> risarcitorio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> – dalla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>mancata tempestiva impugnazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dell’atto amministrativo appare quella di cui </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>all’art.246, comma 4</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, del codice dei contratti pubblici </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>n.163.06</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, poi ripreso dall’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.125, comma 3</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, del c.p.a., onde, in tema di controversie afferenti ad </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>infrastrutture strategiche,</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ferma restando l'applicazione degli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>articoli 121 e 123</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, ed al di fuori dei casi in essi contemplati, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>la sospensione </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">(cautelare)</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b> o l'annullamento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (di merito) dell'affidamento </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non comporta la caducazione del contratto già stipulato </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">con il</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b> terzo controinteressato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, e il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>risarcimento del danno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> eventualmente dovuto avviene </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>solo per equivalente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">: in questa fattispecie dunque </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>impugnare</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> significa </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>già, </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>ex ante</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>, essere certi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>contratto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> resterà nella disponibilità </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>di chi lo ha</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (magari </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>illegittimamente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sottoscritto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, sicché la mancata impugnazione </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non può sortire effetti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> sul </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>risarcimento del danno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dovuto al ricorrente a cagione del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>comportamento illegittimo/illecito</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della PA aggiudicatrice. La dottrina ha sottolineato come </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>affiori</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dalle </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>disposizioni del c.p.a.</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, siccome interpretate dal GA ed in particolare dall’Adunanza Plenaria </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>n.3 del 2011</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>accresciuto potere</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di quest’ultimo proprio quanto a </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>delimitazione della concreta estensione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> riconoscibile, di volta in volta, alle </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>istanze di tutela risarcitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> avanzate dai ricorrenti privati.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 7 settembre esce l’ordinanza della I sezione del Tar Sicilia, che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rimette alla Corte costituzionale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> la questione di legittimità costituzionale </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>dell’art.30, comma 5</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, c.p.a., nella parte in cui esso prevede un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>termine di decadenza di 120 giorni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dal </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>passaggio in giudicato </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sentenza demolitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per l’esercizio dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>azione risarcitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. Il Tar parte da quelle </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>esigenze di pienezza ed effettività della tutela giurisdizionale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> – da erogarsi in </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>termini ragionevoli</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> - che starebbero alla base dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>affidamento al GA</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> non già solo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>della tutela demolitoria classica</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, ma anche </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>di quella risarcitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (per equivalente): tali esigenze sono tuttavia </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>contraddette</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> proprio dalla previsione di un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>termine di decadenza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che – ponendosi come </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>significativa deroga al diritto comune</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> – </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>comprime in modo consistente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> le possibilità di accesso alla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tutela risarcitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. Quello che, per il Tar Palermo, il legislatore </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>avrebbe potuto ragionevolmente fare</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> spendendo la propria discrezionalità normativa era prevedere </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>un termine prescrizionale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, magari </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>abbreviato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e come tale </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>diverso</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> rispetto a quello previsto dal </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>diritto comune</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, dando conto della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ragionevolezza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della disposta </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>differenziazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">; non già fissare un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>breve termine di decadenza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, anche perché quest’ultima, tradizionalmente, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>impedisce ad un atto di compiersi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (per essere appunto spirato il relativo termine di decadenza), mentre </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>la prescrizione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ha per effetto </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’estinzione di un rapporto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, sia poi che si tratta del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>pertinente diritto sostanziale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ovvero della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>connessa azione giurisdizionale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, onde è quest’ultima (la prescrizione) a </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>meglio attagliarsi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> – per diritto comune - al torno temporale occorrente per </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>estinguere</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>diritto risarcitorio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> o la relativa azione, trattandosi di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>accertare</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> gli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>effetti dannosi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> prodotti da </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>un rapporto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> già di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>caducare un atto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. Peraltro, e sempre muovendosi in </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ottica di ragionevolezza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, per il Tar mentre la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>prescrizione </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">è connessa all’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>inerzia del titolare di un diritto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>decadenza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> risponde invece ad una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>esigenza di certezza del diritto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> talmente </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>categorica</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> da essere tutelata in modo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>indipendente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> rispetto alla (concreta) </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>possibilità di agire</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> da parte del soggetto interessato. Nel caso di specie, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>comprimere</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> il diritto del danneggiato ad azionare il rimedio risarcitorio con </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>un termine di decadenza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> anche allorché quegli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>abbia tempestivamente spiccato l’azione demolitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> significa, in modo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>irragionevole e sproporzionato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, prevedere una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>decadenza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in un caso in cui le </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>esigenze di certezza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> sembrerebbero invece </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non imporla</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 5 ottobre esce la sentenza della V sezione del Consiglio di Stato n.5445 che afferma come la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>domanda di risarcimento dei danni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> non possa essere formulata con </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>memoria non notificata alle controparti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">; ciò atteso come la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>pur rilevante esigenza di concentrazione dei giudizi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (demolitorio e risarcitorio) e di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ragionevole durata del processo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, che l’art.30 del c.p.a. ribadisce fissando </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>un termine di decadenza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> anche per </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’azione risarcitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, non esime la parte dall’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>obbligo di instaurare un rituale contraddittorio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> giusta </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>notifica</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>pertinente domanda</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>2012</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">L’11 maggio esce la sentenza del Tar Basilicata n.203 che assume operativo il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>termine decadenziale di 120 giorni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sola tutela risarcitoria autonoma</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (senza previa impugnazione dell’atto amministrativo) degli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>interessi legittimi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, mentre per i </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>diritti soggettivi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> opera il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ben più lungo termine prescrizionale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> tradizionale.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">*Il 24 luglio esce la sentenza della sezione III quater del Tar Lazio n.6853 che ribadisce come la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>domanda di risarcimento dei danni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> non possa essere formulata con </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>memoria non notificata alle controparti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">; ciò atteso come la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>pur rilevante esigenza di concentrazione dei giudizi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (demolitorio e risarcitorio) e di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ragionevole durata del processo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, che l’art.30 del c.p.a. ribadisce fissando </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>un termine di decadenza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> anche per </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’azione risarcitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, non esime la parte dall’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>obbligo di instaurare un rituale contraddittorio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> giusta </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>notifica</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>pertinente domanda</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 12 dicembre esce la sentenza della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>Corte costituzionale</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>n.280</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che dichiara </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>inammissibile</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> la questione di legittimità costituzionale dell’art.30, comma 5, c.p.a. sollevata dal Tar Palermo l’anno precedente, in riferimento agli articoli 3, 24, 103 e 113 Cost., ravvisando un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>difetto di rilevanza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, nel caso di specie, della questione medesima.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>2013</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 9 gennaio esce la sentenza della IV sezione del Consiglio di Stato n.76 che rappresenta come – stante il disposto dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.104, comma 1</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, c.p.a., laddove afferma il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>divieto di domande nuove in appello</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> – </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> può essere proposta la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>domanda di risarcimento del danno per la prima volta in appello</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, in un processo nel cui </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>primo grado</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> sia stata </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>spiccata la sola domanda demolitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (potendo tuttavia, è da intendersi, essere spiccata </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>domanda risarcitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>separato processo di primo grado</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">).</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">*Il 24 gennaio esce la sentenza della IV sezione del Consiglio di Stato n.429 che ribadisce come – stante il disposto dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.104, comma 1</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, c.p.a., laddove afferma il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>divieto di domande nuove in appello</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> – </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> può essere proposta la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>domanda di risarcimento del danno per la prima volta in appello</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, in un processo nel cui </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>primo grado</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> sia stata </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>spiccata la sola domanda demolitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (potendo tuttavia, è da intendersi, essere spiccata </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>domanda risarcitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>separato processo di primo grado</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">).</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>2014</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 22 gennaio esce l’ordinanza della II sezione del Tar Liguria n.107 che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rimette</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ancora una volta alla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>Corte costituzionale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> la questione di legittimità costituzionale dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.30, comma 5</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, c.p.a. per asserita violazione degli articoli 3, 24, 103, 113 e 117, comma 1, Cost., essendo stato </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>introdotto dal legislatore</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>termine di decadenza di soli 120 giorni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> decorrenti dal </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>passaggio in giudicato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sentenza di annullamento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dell’atto illegittimo, così </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>compromettendo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in modo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sproporzionato ed irragionevole</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>diritto di difesa in giudizio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del privato danneggiato.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>2015</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 22 gennaio esce la sentenza della V sezione del Consiglio di Stato n.284 che si occupa di un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>peculiare caso di rapporti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> tra </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tutela demolitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tutela risarcitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, rimettendo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>all’Adunanza Plenaria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> una pertinente questione. Più in specie, il Collegio si chiede se, in base ai </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>principi fondanti la giustizia amministrativa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, ed in particolare in base </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>all’art.34, comma 3</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, del c.p.a. - che consente al giudice </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>in sede di tutela demolitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>accertare l’illegittimità dell’atto</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>anche</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> nel caso in cui </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’azione di annullamento sia divenuta improcedibile</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, quando </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sussista l’interesse al detto accertamento di illegittimità dell’atto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> a </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>fini risarcitori</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> – il GA possa </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non disporre il chiesto annullamento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>graduatoria di un concorso</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> risultata </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>illegittima</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>vizio non imputabile ad alcuno dei candidati</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> al concorso medesimo, e prevedere piuttosto per il ricorrente il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>risarcimento del danno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (pur </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non avendo questi invocato</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>anche</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> la tutela risarcitoria, ed avendo piuttosto </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>chiesto il solo annullamento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> degli atti impugnati) allorché la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>pronuncia giurisdizionale demolitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> esplicitamente chiesta – in materia di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>concorsi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> funzionali all’instaurazione di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rapporti di lavoro dipendente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> – sopraggiunga a </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>distanza di moltissimi anni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dall’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>approvazione della graduatoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e dalla conseguente </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>nomina dei vincitori</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, ed in particolare allorché questi ultimi </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>abbiano ormai consolidato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> le proprie </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>scelte di vita</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e l’annullamento degli atti concorsuali comporti un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>impatto devastante</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> sulla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>vita loro e delle loro famiglie</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. In sostanza si tratta di decidere se, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>chiesto l’annullamento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dell’atto amministrativo, il GA possa </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>in determinate circostanze</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> condannare </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>d’ufficio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>solo risarcimento del danno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, ancorché la tutela risarcitoria </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non sia stata chiesta</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dal ricorrente con domanda all’uopo.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 31 marzo esce l’ordinanza della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>Corte costituzionale n.57</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che dichiara </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>inammissibile</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> la questione sollevatale dal Tar Liguria </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’anno precedente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. Per la Corte il Tar </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non ha tenuto conto</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>in modo adeguato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dell’Allegato 3, Titolo II, articolo 2 del c.p.a., vale a dire di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>una delle norme transitorie</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che hanno accompagnato </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’entrata in vigore</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del codice del processo amministrativo, laddove esso prevede esplicitamente che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>per i termini in corso</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>continuano ad applicarsi</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>le norme previgenti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (ed i termini in esse previsti): per la Corte si tratta di una disposizione che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non può non applicarsi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, per l’appunto, all’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.30, comma 5</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, c.p.a., configurandosi una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>successione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> tra </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>un termine sostanziale previgente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>prescrizione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, ed </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>un termine processuale sopravvenuto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>decadenza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, come tale applicabile </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>solo ai fatti successivi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> all’entrata in vigore del codice. Il Tar doveva dunque fare riferimento, nel caso ad esso sottoposto, al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>regime prescrizionale quinquennale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di cui </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>all’art.2947 c.c.,</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non già al regime di decadenza di 120 giorni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non applicabile</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> alla fattispecie da esso scandagliata (perché </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>posteriore</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">), con la conseguente </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>inammissibilità</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della sollevata questione di legittimità costituzionale (che si profila nella sostanza </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>irrilevante</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">).</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 13 aprile esce la sentenza dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>Adunanza Plenaria n.4</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che – basandosi sul </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>fondamentale principio della domanda</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> – </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>esclude</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che possa intervenire </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>condanna </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>ex officio</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>risarcimento del danno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> laddove il ricorrente abbia chiesto </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>solo l’annullamento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> degli atti impugnati, assunti illegittimi. In sostanza, dinanzi ad </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>un </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>petitum</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b> demolitorio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (viene chiesto </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’annullamento dell’atto amministrativo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, e dunque una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tutela in forma specifica</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">), il GA </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non può di propria iniziativa e d’ufficio</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>limitarsi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ad erogare al ricorrente </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>una tutela risarcitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (come tale </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>per equivalente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) basandosi sugli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>effetti potenzialmente assai pregiudizievoli</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della sentenza demolitoria, sulla scorta dunque di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>valutazioni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>proporzionalità</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>giustizia</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>equità</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (del caso singolo). La </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>trasformazione del </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>petitum</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, come quella </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>della </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>causa petendi</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, laddove operate d’ufficio dal GA, finirebbero infatti per </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>violare il principio della domanda</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di cui all’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.99 c.p.c.</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> oltre che quello di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>corrispondenza tra il chiesto e il pronunciato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di cui all’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.112 c.p.c.,</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> canoni entrambi </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>applicabili</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> al processo amministrativo in virtù del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rinvio “</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>esterno</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>”</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di cui all’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.39 del c.p.a.</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 20 aprile esce la sentenza della I sezione del Tar Lombardia n.974 che si occupa del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>termine di decadenza di 120 giorni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> previsto per </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’azione risarcitoria autonoma</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dall’art.</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>30, comma 3</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, del c.p.a., allorché </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’atto illegittimo (dannoso)</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> si inserisca in un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>procedimento di gara</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’affidamento di un appalto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">; in questa fattispecie, analogamente a quanto accade per la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>decorrenza del termine decadenziale impugnatorio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ai sensi dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.79</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del decreto legislativo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>163.06</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>termine decadenziale di 120 giorni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per chiedere il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>risarcimento del danno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> non può decorrere sempre e comunque </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>da quando è stata comunicata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> al destinatario </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’aggiudicazione definitiva</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, e dunque in modo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tutt’affatto indipendente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dal momento in cui le illegittimità </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sono state in concreto conosciute</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dal soggetto interessato a contestarle; per il Tar occorre piuttosto assumere </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>decorrente il ridetto termine</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> solo dal momento in cui il soggetto interessato </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>abbia avuto piena conoscenza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (o </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>avrebbe dovuto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> averla) della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>violazione delle disposizioni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>disciplinano la gara</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, conformemente peraltro a quanto in sede </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sovranazionale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> riconosciuto dalla Corte di Giustizia UE del 28 gennaio </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>2010</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, C-406/08, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>caso </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>Uniplex</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. Ne consegue che laddove il privato </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sappia della illegittimità solo dopo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> l’aggiudicazione, per essere le ridette illegittimità </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>per l’appunto emerse in epoca posteriore</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, è </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>solo da tale momento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>decorre</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (oltre al termine per impugnare) </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>anche il termine</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per invocare il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>risarcimento del danno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 6 luglio esce un’altra importante sentenza dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>Adunanza Plenaria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del Consiglio di Stato, la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>n.6</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, che afferma la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non retroattività del termine decadenziale di 120 giorni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> previsto – per la domanda di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>risarcimento autonomo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> – dall’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.30, comma 3</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, del c.p.a. In sostanza, ai </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>fatti illeciti della PA anteriori</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> all’entrata in vigore del codice del processo amministrativo (ed alle connesse </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>domande risarcitorie</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, anche </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>autonome</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> sulla scorta dei pronunciamenti delle </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>SSUU</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) si applica il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>regime della prescrizione quinquennale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ex </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.2947</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> c.c. siccome previsto dall’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>orientamento pretorio dominante</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, configurandosi l’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.30 del c.p.a.</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> quale </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>innovazione legislativa,</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> come tale </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non retroattiva</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, sia in forza dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.11 delle preleggi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, sia in forza dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.14 delle preleggi medesime</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> sulla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>applicazione tassativa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> delle </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>norme c.d. eccezionali</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, quale è appunto considerata quella che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>applica</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> alla domanda di risarcimento del danno l’innovativo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>termine decadenziale di 120 giorni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. A diversamente opinare si farebbe luogo, per il Collegio, all’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>applicazione retroattiva di norme nuove</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che costituiscono </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>reformatio in peius</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> rispetto al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>regime previgente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, e che hanno peraltro una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>portata sostanziale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> già </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>processuale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, non potendosi dunque predicare l’applicazione del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>principio</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>tempus regit actum</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. Piuttosto, il legislatore ha </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>trasformato un termine prescrizionale in termine decadenziale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, con la precisazione che nel caso di specie il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>noto termine di 120 giorni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> assume un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rilievo misto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non sostanziale puro</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>né processuale puro</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, atteggiandosi piuttosto ad </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>istituto sostanziale a rilievo processuale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (quali sono, nel diritto privato, le </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>decadenze</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> disciplinate </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>dall’art.2964</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> c.c.), istituto al quale </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non può applicarsi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> il principio di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>retroattività</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. La conclusione è che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>occorre guardare</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tempo del fatto illecito pubblico</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (nella sostanza, al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tempo di adozione dell’atto amministrativo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">), e </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> a quello in cui il privato </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ha spiccato ricorso</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">: laddove il fatto illecito pubblico sia </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>anteriore all’entrata in vigore</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del c.p.a., si applica il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>termine prescrizionale quinquennale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (anche se il privato ha </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>chiesto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> i danni </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>dopo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> la ridetta entrata in vigore), mentre laddove sia</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b> posteriore</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> si applica ormai il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>termine decadenziale di 120 giorni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. Ancora, per il Consiglio di Stato – dal momento che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ogni novità normativa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> implica una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>differenza </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">tra</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b> il regime</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>del prima</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>quello del poi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> – </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>nessuna disparità di trattamento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> può assumersi configurabile tra diversi soggetti privati lesi da un atto illegittimo, rispettivamente, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>prima o dopo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> l’entrata in vigore del codice; ciò dovendosi tenere conto del fatto da un lato che – ai sensi </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>dell’Allegato 3, art.2</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del c.p.a. – per i </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>termini in corso</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> alla data di entrata in vigore del codice medesimo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>continuano ad applicarsi le norme previgenti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">; dall’altro, che proprio basandosi su questa disposizione la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>Corte costituzionale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ha assunto, con la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sentenza 57.15</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, tale norma applicabile alla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>successione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> tra un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>termine prescrizionale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ed </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>uno decadenziale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, come appunto accade nella fattispecie di cui </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>all’art.30 c.p.a.</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, con la conseguenza che il termine </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>nato prescrizionale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> resta tale, senza divenire decadenziale.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>2017</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 22 giugno esce la sentenza della V sezione del Consiglio di Stato n. 3065 in tema di risarcimento per illegittimo esercizio del potere disciplinare di una federazione sportiva a carico di un atleta non professionista; oggetto di indagine del Consiglio di Stato sono le modalità con le quali il giudice statale possa intervenire sulle questioni riguardanti l’ordinamento sportivo, nonostante la sfera di autonomia concessa dal legislatore a detto ordinamento. Secondo il Consesso, se l'atto delle federazioni sportive o dal CONI ha incidenza anche su situazioni giuridiche soggettive rilevanti per l'ordinamento giuridico statale, la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>domanda intesa non alla caducazione dell'atto, ma al conseguente risarcimento del danno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, va proposta al giudice amministrativo in sede di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>giurisdizione esclusiva</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">: non opera alcuna riserva a favore della giustizia sportiva innanzi alla quale la pretesa risarcitoria nemmeno può essere fatta valere. Sicché il giudice amministrativo può conoscere, nonostante la riserva a favore della giustizia sportiva, delle sanzioni disciplinari inflitte a società, associazioni e atleti, in via incidentale e indiretta, al fine di pronunciarsi sulla domanda risarcitoria proposta dal destinatario della sanzione. Dunque, prosegue l’Organo giudicante, il diritto al risarcimento del danno - fatto valere davanti al giudice amministrativo - può essere riconosciuto soltanto quando siano stati lesi i principi del giusto processo. In tali casi sono risarcibili i soli pregiudizi allo sviluppo della carriera sportiva mentre rimangono esclusi dall’ambito risarcitorio voci di pregiudizio estranee alla praticata “attività sportiva” in quanto tale (come la perdita di chance per la risoluzione di contratti, per interruzione di trattative e per perdita di premi, nonché il pregiudizio all’immagine); diversamente, arrivando a voler includere nell'oggetto di questa tutela per equivalente monetario voci per loro natura diverse da quelle proprie di quell'àmbito ed estranee alle dette finalità eminentemente pubblicistiche dell'ordinamento sportivo, si finirebbe per contraddire il rammentato </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>vincolo di strumentalità funzionale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che è proprio della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>giurisdizione condizionata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> nonché quello di stretta proporzionalità degli strumenti integrati di tutela. E si finirebbe per trasformare l'espressione dello sport in un'ordinaria fenomenologia individuale di mercato dove il sostegno pubblico perderebbe ragione o diverrebbe locupletativo. Si esulerebbe dalle ragioni di una particolare tutela giurisdizionale pubblica che ha per base espressa quelle dell'organizzazione pubblicistica dell'attività sportiva e la garanzia del suo legittimo funzionamento.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 20 novembre esce la sentenza delle </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>SSUU</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> n.27436 in tema di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>esclusione di un socio da una cooperativa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, secondo la quale pretendere che chi – </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>socio lavoratore escluso</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (e dunque </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>licenziato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) - intenda </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>chiedere soltanto la tutela risarcitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> derivante dal </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>licenziamento illegittimo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> debba </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>impugnare la delibera di esclusione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> equivarrebbe ad </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>assoggettare la fruizione della prima</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (tutela </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>risarcitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) ad un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>presupposto proprio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tutela restitutoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> conseguente </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>all'invalidazione della delibera di esclusione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in parola (vale a dire della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tutela “</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>reale</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>”</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> compendiantesi nella </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>reintegra del lavoratore</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">), laddove – chiosa la Corte - in virtù dell'art. 24 Cost., spetta al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>titolare della situazione protetta</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>scegliere</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> a </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>quale tutela</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> far ricorso per poter ottenere ristoro del pregiudizio subito. Per la Cassazione gli effetti derivanti dalla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>delibera di esclusione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> non s'identificano quindi (pur all’evidenza </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>collegandovisi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) con quelli scaturenti dal </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>licenziamento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">; ed anzi sono proprio gli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>effetti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>delibera di esclusione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (non impugnata, e dunque </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>valida ed efficace</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) a </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>dare consistenza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> agli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>effetti risarcitori</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> derivanti dal </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>licenziamento illegittimo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, circostanza che sostanzia </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l'autonomia delle rispettive tutele</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> secondo un modello – rammenta la Corte - già applicato </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>in altri settori</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> come, in via d'esempio, è accaduto a proposito dell'ammissibilità della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tutela risarcitoria degli interessi legittimi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> anche se </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non sia stata in precedenza richiesta e dichiarata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in sede di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>annullamento</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l'illegittimità dell'atto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (vengono richiamati vari precedenti tra cui sez. un., ord. n. 22809.10; n. 5025.10; n. 30254.08; n. 13911.06, nonché nn. 13660.06 e 13659.06). La Corte sottolinea come sia questa </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l'opzione ermeneutica più coerente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> con le </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>esigenze di tutela e garanzia</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del socio lavoratore, il quale pur sempre, nonostante partecipi alla realizzazione dello scopo mutualistico, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>permane l'anello debole</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della combinazione sintetizzata nel lavoro cooperativo. Viene dunque affermato il principio di diritto onde, in tema di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tutela del socio lavoratore</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>di cooperativa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, in caso d'impugnazione, da parte del socio medesimo, del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>recesso della cooperativa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, la tutela risarcitoria </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non è inibita dall'omessa impugnazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>contestuale delibera di esclusione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> fondata sulle medesime ragioni, afferenti al rapporto di lavoro, mentre resta </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>esclusa la tutela restitutoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>questa si condizionata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> alla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tempestiva impugnazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>illegittima delibera di esclusione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">).</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 18 dicembre esce la sentenza della II sezione del TAR Sicilia-Catania n. 2929 che ribadisce i limiti alla risarcibilità del danno subito dal proprietario di un terreno illegittimamente occupato dalla P.A. per scopi di interesse pubblico nel caso in cui a) l’Amministrazione comunale abbia formalmente e tempestivamente adottato un provvedimento di acquisizione sanante ed abbia effettivamente corrisposto l’indennizzo ivi previsto; b) il proprietario, pur dolendosi, sotto il profilo del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i>quantum</i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, della illegittimità del medesimo provvedimento, per mancanza di motivazione e di adeguata comparazione degli interessi coinvolti, abbia omesso di impugnarlo tempestivamente e di specificare le ragioni relative alla asserita erroneità della quantificazione operata dalla P.A.. La mancata impugnazione del provvedimento di acquisizione sanante assume infatti specifico rilievo ai fini dell’insussistenza del nesso di causalità tra fatto lesivo e danno risarcibile poiché – pur nel sostanziale </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>superamento della cd. pregiudiziale amministrativa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> già all’epoca di proposizione del ricorso introduttivo (anteriore, comunque, all’entrata in vigore dell’art. 30 <a href="http://www.lexitalia.it/n/2369" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">c.p.a.</a>) – deve escludersi la risarcibilità dei danni evitabili con la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>diligente utilizzazione degli strumenti di tutela</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> previsti dall’ordinamento, rinviando al principio di cui all’art. 1227, comma 2, c.c., tale da far ritenere come l’omessa attivazione degli strumenti di tutela costituisca, nel comportamento complessivo delle parti valutabile alla stregua del canone di buona fede e del principio di solidarietà, certamente un fatto di rilievo ai fini del giudizio sulla sussistenza del pregiudizio risarcibile poiché recide, in tutto o in parte, il nesso casuale che, ai sensi dell’art. 1223 c.c., deve legare la condotta antigiuridica alle conseguenze dannose risarcibili.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>2018</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 7 febbraio esce la sentenza della V sezione del Consiglio di Stato n. 814 in tema di risarcimento per mancato conferimento di incarico pubblico. In linea generale, osserva il Consiglio che la domanda di annullamento dell’atto amministrativo illegittimo proposta al giudice amministrativo prima della concentrazione davanti allo stesso anche della tutela risarcitoria, pur non costituendo il prodromo necessario per conseguire il risarcimento dei danni, dimostra la volontà della parte di reagire all’azione amministrativa reputata illegittima ed è idonea ad interrompere per tutta la durata di quel processo il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>termine di prescrizione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dell’azione risarcitoria. Nel merito, tuttavia, l’Organo giudicante osserva come, diversamente da quanto potrebbe configurarsi in tema di mere autorizzazioni allo svolgimento di attività private che già appartengono alla capacità dell’interessato, il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>conferimento di incarichi pubblici</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> avviene nell’interesse pubblico ed è per sua natura riservato alla latissima </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>discrezionalità</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dell’Amministrazione che se ne avvale e per questo fatto, riguardo al risvolto economico, non pare giuridicamente configurabile in capo al dipendente un’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>aspettativa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> qualificata all’attribuzione di un tale incarico remunerato, con conseguente ristoro patrimoniale per il caso di suo conferimento indebitamente impedito.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>2019</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 19 febbraio esce l’ordinanza delle Sezioni Unite della Cassazione n. 4889 che ribadisce l’orientamento secondo cui, in tema di riparto della giurisdizione, l’attrazione della tutela risarcitoria dinanzi al giudice amministrativo può verificarsi soltanto qualora il danno patito dal soggetto sia conseguenza immediata e diretta della dedotta illegittimità del provvedimento che egli ha impugnato, non costituendo il risarcimento del danno ingiusto una materia di giurisdizione esclusiva ma solo uno strumento di tutela ulteriore e di completamento rispetto a quello demolitorio.</span></p> <p class="western" align="center"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">* * *</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 5 marzo esce la sentenza della III sezione della Cassazione n. 6321 onde l’azione di risarcimento dei danni da atto amministrativo illegittimo è assoggettata al termine decennale dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i>actio iudicati</i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di cui all’art. 2953 c.c., che decorre dal passaggio in giudicato della sentenza amministrativa che abbia riconosciuto l’illegittimità dell’atto, a condizione che il danno sia direttamente riferibile a tale illegittimità.</span></p> <p class="western" align="center"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">* * *</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">L’8 marzo esce l’ordinanza delle Sezioni Unite della Cassazione n. 6885 che, in via preliminare ricordano come c</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">on le tre coeve sentenze nn. 6594, 6595 e 6596 del 2011 le Sezioni Unite – sulla comune premessa che il risarcimento del danno ingiusto non costituisce una materia di giurisdizione esclusiva, ma solo uno strumento di tutela ulteriore e di completamento rispetto a quello demolitorio (con la conseguenza che la tutela risarcitoria viene attratta nella giurisdizione del giudice amministrativo soltanto qualora il danno costituisca conseguenza immediata e diretta della dedotta illegittimità di un provvedimento amministrativo) – avevano ritenuto rientrante nella giurisdizione del giudice ordinario:</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify">– <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">la controversia avente ad oggetto il risarcimento dei danni lamentati per la lesione dell’affidamento ingenerato dal provvedimento favorevole (nella specie, una concessione edilizia) poi legittimamente annullato in via di autotutela (sent. n. 6594/11);</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify">– <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">la controversia avente ad oggetto il risarcimento dei danni lamentati per la lesione dell’affidamento riposto nell’attendibilità della attestazione rilasciata dalla P.A. (rivelatasi erronea) circa la edificabilità di un’area (chiesta da un privato per valutare la convenienza d’acquistare un terreno) e nella legittimità della conseguente concessione edilizia, successivamente annullata (sent. n. 6595/11);</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify">– <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">la controversia avente ad oggetto la domanda autonoma di risarcimento danni proposta da colui che, avendo ottenuto l’aggiudicazione in una gara per l’affidamento di un pubblico servizio, successivamente annullata dal Tar, deduca la lesione dell’affidamento ingenerato dal provvedimento di aggiudicazione apparentemente legittimo (sent. n. 6596/11).</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Alla base di tali pronunce vi era la comune considerazione che nelle controversie che ne formano oggetto il privato non mette in discussione l’illegittimità dell’atto amministrativo, ampliativo della relativa sfera giuridica, che ha formato oggetto di annullamento (in via di autotutela o ope judicis), ma lamenta la lesione del suo affidamento nella legittimità dell’atto annullato e chiede il risarcimento dei danni subiti per aver orientato le proprie scelte negoziali o imprenditoriali confidando, fino all’annullamento di tale atto, nella relativa legittimità.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Nella giurisprudenza successiva si è evidenziata la coesistenza di linee di interpretative non perfettamente collimanti sulla giurisdizione, nelle materie di giurisdizione amministrativa esclusiva ed in riferimento alle fattispecie in cui difetti il presupposto della sussistenza di un “provvedimento ampliativo” della sfera giuridica del privato (da ultimo, S.U. n. 13194 del 2018); problematiche interpretative hanno indotto le Sezioni Unite a richiedere, con ordinanza interlocutoria n. 22432 del 2018, un approfondimento teorico all’Ufficio del Massimario.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Tuttavia, i principi espressi nelle tre sentenze del 2011, in riferimento alla tipologia di fattispecie considerata dalla prima delle tre citate sentenze (Cass. n. 6594 del 2011) ovvero alla ipotesi del risarcimento danni da lesione dell’affidamento ingenerato da un provvedimento favorevole dell’amministrazione successivamente annullato in via di autotutela, non sono mai stati messi in discussione, e hanno trovato conferma nella giurisprudenza successiva della Corte in una linea di continuità ininterrotta che arriva all’attualità (Cass. n. 17856 del 2015, 12799 del 2017, 15640 del 2017, 19171 del 2017, 1654 del 2018): in tali pronunce ricorre l’affermazione – che viene ulteriormente confermata – che la controversia relativa ai danni subiti dal privato che abbia fatto incolpevole affidamento su di un provvedimento amministrativo ampliativo della propria sfera giuridica, della legittimità del cui annullamento non si discute, rientri nella giurisdizione del GO avendo ad oggetto non già la lesione di un interesse legittimo pretensivo, bensì una situazione di diritto soggettivo, rappresentata dalla conservazione dell’integrità del patrimonio, pregiudicato dalle scelte compiute confidando sulla legittimità del provvedimento amministrativo poi caducato. Tali affermazioni si attagliano perfettamente al caso di specie in cui l’intervento edilizio del privato, volto alla realizzazione di alloggi da destinare all’edilizia residenziale pubblica, è stato eseguito sulla base di una concessione, attributiva del diritto di superficie, e poi regolato, quanto alla destinazione degli alloggi, alle categorie dei conduttori, e alla misura dei canoni di locazione esigibili, sulla base di una convenzione con il Comune di Roma poi revocata in sede di autotutela con provvedimento di Roma Capitale, della cui legittimità in questa sede non si discute, dovendo dunque essere affermata la giurisdizione del GO.</span></p> <p class="western" align="center"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">* * *</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 24 giugno esce la sentenza della I sezione del TAR Umbria n. 367 secondo cui è inammissibile un ricorso giurisdizionale tendente ad ottenere il risarcimento del danno da provvedimento amministrativo favorevole (successivamente annullato), ove il pregiudizio patrimoniale prospettato dall’istante, sia sotto il profilo del danno emergente che del lucro cessante, sia del tutto ipotetico e inattuale, dipendendo da eventi futuri quanto incerti, avendo il danneggiato l’onere integrale della prova della sussistenza del danno lamentato, che deve essere sin dalla proposizione dell’azione concreto ed attuale, senza alcuna attenuazione del principio dispositivo di cui all’art. 2697 c.c..</span></p> <p class="western" align="center"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">* * *</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 14 novembre esce la sentenza della IV sezione del Consiglio di Stato n. 7831, onde, ai sensi dell’art. 34, comma 3, c.p.a., per ottenere, ai fini risarcitori, la pronuncia del giudice sulla illegittimità del provvedimento impugnato, il cui annullamento non risulti più utile per il ricorrente, è sempre necessaria la domanda della parte, non potendo la stessa disposizione essere interpretata in modo “automatico” ai fini del riconoscimento dell’interesse risarcitorio.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Spiega il Collegio come Il termine di diciotto mesi di cui all’art. 21 nonies della legge n. 241/90, non può avere una funzione “sanante” dei provvedimenti illegittimi adottati precedentemente all’entrata in vigore della norma di modifica della stessa disposizione, cosicché il medesimo termine deve essere computato a decorrere da tale data. Una diversa interpretazione, oltre a porsi in contrasto con il generale principio di irretroattività della legge (art. 11 preleggi), finirebbe infatti per limitare in maniera eccessiva ed irragionevole l’esercizio del potere di autotutela amministrativa.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Invero, la previsione dell’ art. 21 nonies, della legge n. 241/1990 se da un lato segna il definitivo superamento della teoria dell’inconsumabilità del potere di autotutela (o di quella che un risalente orientamento definisce “la perennità della potestà amministrativa di annullare in autotutela gli atti invalidi”) non consente, neppure nel testo originario, di prescindere, ai fini della valutazione del tema della ragionevolezza, dalla originaria illegittimità dell’atto e dalla rilevanza dell’interesse pubblico concreto ed attuale alla sua rimozione nell’ambito di un percorso strettamente connesso a quello di esigibilità in capo all’Amministrazione. In pratica, deve ritenersi integrata la nozione di termine ragionevole tutte le volte che lo stesso decorre dal momento in cui l’Amministrazione è venuta concretamente a conoscenza dei profili di illegittimità dell’atto.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>2020</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il 21 aprile esce la sentenza della V sezione del Consiglio di Stato n. 2534 onde l'annullamento di un provvedimento amministrativo per vizi tralatiziamente definiti formali, quali il difetto di istruttoria o di motivazione, o procedimentali (come il vizio di incompetenza), in quanto non contiene alcun accertamento in ordine alla spettanza del bene della vita coinvolto dal provvedimento impugnato, non consente di accogliere la domanda finalizzata al perseguimento della pretesa sostanziale, quale è il risarcimento del danno. Infatti mentre la caducazione dell'atto per vizi sostanziali vincola l'amministrazione ad attenersi, nella successiva attività, alle statuizioni del giudice, l'annullamento fondato su profili formali non elimina né riduce il potere della stessa di provvedere in ordine allo stesso oggetto dell'atto annullato e lascia ampio potere in merito all'amministrazione, con il solo limite negativo di riesercizio nelle stesse caratterizzazioni di cui si è accertata l'illegittimità, sicchè non può ritenersi condizionata o determinata in positivo la decisione finale.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Ciò in quanto il risarcimento del danno non è una conseguenza automatica e costante dell'annullamento giurisdizionale di un provvedimento amministrativo, ma richiede la verifica di tutti i requisiti dell'illecito (condotta, colpa, nesso di causalità, evento dannoso) e, nel caso di richiesta di risarcimento del danno conseguente alla lesione di un interesse legittimo pretensivo, è subordinato alla dimostrazione, secondo un giudizio prognostico, con accertamento in termini di certezza o, quanto meno, di probabilità vicina alla certezza, che il provvedimento sarebbe stato rilasciato in assenza dell'agire illegittimo della pubblica amministrazione.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Ed infatti per danno ingiusto risarcibile ai sensi dell'art. 2043 cod. civ. si intende non qualsiasi perdita economica, ma solo la perdita economica ingiusta, ovvero verificatasi con modalità contrarie al diritto; ne consegue quindi la necessità, per chiunque pretenda un risarcimento, di dimostrare la c.d. spettanza del bene della vita, ovvero la necessità di allegare e provare di essere titolare, in base ad una norma giuridica, del bene della vita che ha perduto od al quale anela, e di cui attraverso la domanda giudiziale vorrebbe ottenere l'equivalente economico.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Prima del riesercizio dell'azione amministrativa è impossibile enucleare la configurabilità di un collegamento causale tra il danno lamentato ed il comportamento procedimentale dell'Amministrazione.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">Il danno da ritardo, infatti, non può essere avulso da una valutazione concernente la spettanza del bene della vita, e deve, quindi, essere subordinato, tra l'altro, anche alla dimostrazione che l'aspirazione al provvedimento sia destinata ad esito favorevole, e quindi alla dimostrazione della spettanza definitiva del bene sostanziale della vita collegato ad un tale interesse.</span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>Questioni intriganti</b></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>Quali modelli di tutela si configurano nei confronti della PA?</b></span></p> <ol type="a"> <li> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">tutela </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>in forma specifica “</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>adempitiva</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>”</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">: il privato titolare dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>interesse legittimo oppositivo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>pretensivo ad un </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>non facere</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) o </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>pretensivo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (ad un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>dare</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> o ad un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>facere</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) punta a </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>veder soddisfatto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>proprio interesse creditorio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, e punta dunque ad ottenere il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>bene della vita</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> oggetto della propria “</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>spettanza</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">” o </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>pretesa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, facendoselo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>restituire</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (laddove la PA sia stata </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>inadempiente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ad un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>non facere</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sottraendoglielo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in modo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non conforme</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> all’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>interesse pubblico</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">), ovvero </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>facendoselo dare </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>ex novo</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (laddove la PA sia stata </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>inadempiente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ad un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>obbligo di </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>dare</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b> o di </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>facere</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>mettendoglielo a disposizione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in modo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non conforme</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> all’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>interesse pubblico</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">); questo modello di tutela </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>passa normalmente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> attraverso </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’aggressione all’atto amministrativo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ha sottratto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in modo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>illegittimo/illecito</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> il bene al privato (conculcandone l’interesse oppositivo) ovvero gli ha </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>denegato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in modo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>del pari illegittimo/illecito</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> il predetto </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>bene</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, avendo come obiettivo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>la restituzione del bene</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> nel primo caso e la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>messa a disposizione </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>ex novo</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b> del bene</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> nel secondo (in quest’ultimo caso, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>laddove occorra</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> attraverso la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>mediazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>nuovo esercizio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>potere pubblico discrezionale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">);</span></p> </li> <li> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">tutela </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>in forma specifica “</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>non adempitiva</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">”: vale quanto detto con riguardo alla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tutela adempitiva</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (anch’essa </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>in forma specifica</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">), con la differenza che in questo caso il privato </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>punta</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> a </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>soddisfare</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non già</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> l’interesse sotteso alla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>propria pretesa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e dunque </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>oggetto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>propria </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>“spettanza</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>”</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, quanto piuttosto un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>interesse succedaneo ed omogeneo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, come nel caso della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>restituzione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>bene diverso ed omogeneo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in luogo di quello sottrattogli in modo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>illegittimo/illecito</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dalla PA (laddove ne sia stato conculcato un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>interesse</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>oppositivo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, o meglio </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>pretensivo ad un </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>non facere</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">), ovvero nel caso dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ottenimento </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>ex novo</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b> di un bene diverso ed omogeneo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> rispetto a </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>quello oggetto della pretesa originaria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, come nel caso dell’affidamento di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>un appalto diverso</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> rispetto a quello che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>gli sarebbe per l’appunto “</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>spettato</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>”</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (laddove ne sia stato conculcato un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>interesse pretensivo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, come tipicamente accade in caso di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>partecipazione ad una gara</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">);</span></p> </li> <li> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">tutela </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>per equivalente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">: si tratta del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>risarcimento del danno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che c.1) </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>si affianca</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> alla tutela in forma specifica, ovvero c.2) </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>la sostituisce </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>in toto</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, ma che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>presuppone</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in ogni caso la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>illegittimità/illiceità</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>contegno pubblico</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, avendo nella sostanza la PA </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>perpetrato un inadempimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per avere </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>mal valutato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rapporto di compatibilità</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> tra la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>pretesa del privato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> a </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>mantenere</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> o ad </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ottenere</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>dato bene giuridico</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’interesse pubblico</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> alla relativa </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>conservazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> o al relativo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ottenimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">;</span></p> </li> <li> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">in conseguenza di un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>comportamento illecito</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della PA (sostanziante </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>un inadempimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dell’Amministrazione) che si sia tradotto in un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>atto amministrativo “</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>che toglie</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>”</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (interesse oppositivo) </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>o “</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>che nega</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>”</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (interesse pretensivo), il privato può: d.1) </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>chiedere l’abbattimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>atto illegittimo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (tutela </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>demolitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ed insieme</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> invocare la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tutela in forma specifica adempitiva</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non adempitiva</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>per equivalente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, quest’ultima giusta (eventuale) pretesa al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>risarcimento del danno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> subito attraverso gli </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>effetti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>atto illegittimo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del quale </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>si chiede al GA l’eliminazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dal mondo giuridico e che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>è anche illecito</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> perché </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>riassume</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’inadempimento pubblico</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> nell’ambito del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rapporto amministrativo di specie</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">; d.2) chiedere </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>soltanto il risarcimento per equivalente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, lasciando </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>in vita</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’atto illegittimo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e dunque </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non attivando</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tutela demolitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, ma </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>solo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> quella </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>risarcitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, laddove lo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>scandaglio del GA </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">si concentra sulla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>illegittimità </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">dell’atto </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non già per caducarlo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, quanto piuttosto per </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ritrarne la connotazione illecita</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>della fattispecie</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> e, conseguentemente, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>condannare</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> la PA (inadempiente) a </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>risarcire il danno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">. </span></p> </li> </ol> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>Come si atteggiano i rapporti tra azione demolitoria ed azione risarcitoria dopo l’avvento del codice del processo amministrativo?</b></span></p> <ol type="a"> <li> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">è stata trovata una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>soluzione di compromesso</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, attraverso un “</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>superamento</b></i></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>temperato</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">” della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>regola</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della c.d. </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>pregiudizialità amministrativa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">;</span></p> </li> <li> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>pericolo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>autonomia incondizionata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>azione risarcitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> rispetto a quella </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>demolitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> è infatti quello di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>consentire di chiedere il risarcimento dei danni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> da parte di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>chi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> – con </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>colpa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> o financo con </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>dolo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> – abbia </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>omesso di agire tempestivamente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in sede </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>demolitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, con la conseguenza di aver </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>reso inoppugnabile</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>atto amministrativo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che egli assume tuttavia (e ad un tempo) </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>per lui produttivo di danno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, con l’aggravante di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>esporre la PA all’incertezza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in ordine al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rapporto amministrativo</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>di specie</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per tutta la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>durata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>termine prescrizionale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> cui soggiace l’azione risarcitoria autonoma; una </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>incertezza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che investe anche il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>quantum</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b> complessivo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che la PA </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sarebbe chiamata ad erogare</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> a titolo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>risarcitorio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> nel </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>torno temporale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in cui </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>è ancora aperto il termine prescrizionale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per agire e chiedere </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>i danni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> alla parte pubblica;</span></p> </li> <li> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>termine decadenziale di 120 giorni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> esclude da un lato che si configuri </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>una prescrizione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> – essendo piuttosto prevista </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>una decadenza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, maggiormente conforme alla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>presenza di interessi pubblici</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> da salvaguardare – e scongiura dall’altro che il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>periodo di incertezza si prolunghi</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> oltremodo;</span></p> </li> <li> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">in sostanza, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>decorso il termine ordinario</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di impugnazione di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>60 giorni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, possono decorrerne </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>altri 60</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (e dunque </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>120 in tutto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) utili </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>per impugnare l’atto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in sede (ancora demolitoria) di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ricorso straordinario al Capo dello Stato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, da un lato, e per </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>chiedere la condanna</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della PA </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>al risarcimento (autonomo) del danno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, dall’altro; </span></p> </li> <li> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>dies a quo</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> è invece </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>lo stesso</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> sia per </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’azione demolitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che per </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>quella risarcitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, e si identifica nel </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>giorno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in cui il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>fatto illecito della PA</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>si è verificato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, ovvero – laddove il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>danno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> derivi </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>direttamente dal provvedimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> – nel giorno in cui </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>detto provvedimento (dannoso)</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> è giunto </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>a conoscenza del destinatario</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">; in sostanza, dalla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>piena conoscenza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>provvedimento lesivo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> inizia a decorrere tanto il</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b> termine per impugnarlo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (normalmente, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>60 giorni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) quanto il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>termine per chiedere il risarcimento del danno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>120 giorni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">), in guisa analoga a quanto accade, ai sensi dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.2377 c.c.,</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per l’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>impugnazione delle</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>delibere societarie</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ovvero per la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>richiesta di risarcimento dei danni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> da esse prodotti (fattispecie nella quale il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>termine decadenziale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> è tuttavia </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sempre di 90 giorni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">); resta </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>fuori dalla mentovata sincronia decorrenziale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> l’ipotesi in cui </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>il danno non derivi direttamente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dal </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>provvedimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, quanto piuttosto dalla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>relativa (posteriore) esecuzione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, con conseguente decorrenza del termine decadenziale </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>per invocare il risarcimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che si atteggia </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sfalsata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> rispetto a quella del termine, del pari decadenziale, per </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>impugnare in sede demolitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">;</span></p> </li> <li> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">se l’atto amministrativo illegittimo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>è stato tempestivamente impugnato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, la </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tutela risarcitoria per equivalente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> si configura </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non più autonoma</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, ma </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>connessa e complementare</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> a quella </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>demolitoria in forma specifica</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, potendo essere attivata </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>anche durante il processo demolitorio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (con </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>motivi aggiunti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">), ovvero comunque </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>entro i 120 giorni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dal </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>passaggio in giudicato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sentenza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>pronuncia sull’azione di annullamento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">;</span></p> </li> <li> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">solo laddove </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’atto amministrativo illegittimo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> venga </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>tempestivamente impugnato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, il privato </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>si palesa diligente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, scongiurando </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>abbattimenti del </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>quantum</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b> risarcitorio</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> connessi ad un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>proprio (eventuale) concorso di colpa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> connesso appunto alla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>mancata, tempestiva impugnazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>atto illegittimo/illecito dannoso</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">; ciò in quanto – massime allorché si chieda il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>solo risarcimento del danno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> senza avere </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>previamente impugnato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> il provvedimento amministrativo – </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’oggetto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dello scandaglio giurisdizionale </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non è tanto il provvedimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che “</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>riassume</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">” il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rapporto tra cittadino e PA</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, quanto piuttosto </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>proprio e direttamente tale rapporto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, onde va valutato il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>comportamento complessivo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> imputabile sia alla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>parte pubblica</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (che col </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>provvedere in modo illegittimo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> palesa un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>indizio di illiceità</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> della propria </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>condotta generale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) sia </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>a quella privata</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (che per parte sua potrebbe, come accennato, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non impugnare il provvedimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in modo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>colposo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> o financo </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>doloso</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, per poi </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>invocare i danni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che derivano da tale </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>maliziosa</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>omessa impugnazione tempestiva</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">); parte della dottrina ha assunto all’uopo financo rilevante l’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>art.1176, comma 2</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, c.c., laddove si fa menzione della </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>diligenza professionale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in luogo di quella </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ordinaria </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">(onde </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>solo provando</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di essere stato </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>“</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>specificamente</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>” e “</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>professionalmente</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>” diligente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, il privato leso potrebbe ottenere </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>l’invocato risarcimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">): si tratta di una opzione che tuttavia, se è predicabile nel caso di un’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>azienda che partecipa ad una gara di appalto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, appare invece </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>difficilmente predicabile</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> con riguardo al </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>normale cittadino</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che vanti </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>un interesse legittimo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> nei confronti </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>della PA</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, e che come tale </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non può assumere automaticamente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> la veste del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>professionista, </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">non potendosi dunque esigere da lui </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>quel surplus di diligenza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che rischia di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>sottrargli in modo iniquo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>risarcimento del danno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">; una certa qual </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>rilevanza dell’art.1176 c.c.</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> pare invece (quanto meno </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>implicitamente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">) ravvisabile </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>nell’art.124 del c.p.a.</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> laddove, in materia di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>appalti</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, si richiede che il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>danno</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> oggetto del </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>risarcimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>soggetto professionale</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non ha raggiunto l’appalto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> sia da quest’ultimo, </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>esplicitamente</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, “</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><i><b>subito e provato</b></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">”;</span></p> </li> <li> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">se un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>atto illegittimo espresso non vi è stato</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, ma vi è stato </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>silenzio-inadempimento della PA</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, il </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>termine</b></span> <span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>di 120 giorni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> per chiedere il risarcimento </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non inizia decorrere</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> fintanto che </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>perduri il detto inadempimento pubblico</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">; solo quando è trascorso </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>1 anno dalla scadenza del termine di conclusione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> del procedimento, detto termine di 120 giorni per invocare il risarcimento del danno </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>inizia a decorrere</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">; si tratta di una fattispecie nella quale appare </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>del tutto irrilevante</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, se </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">addirittura </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>inconfigurabile</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, quell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>onere di diligenza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> richiesto invece al privato che si assuma danneggiato da un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>provvedimento illegittimo/illecito espresso</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">, dovendo quest’ultimo essere </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>impugnato nei termini</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> se si vogliono </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>scongiurare spiacevoli conseguenze</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> in punto di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>quantificazione del danno risarcibile</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">; nel caso di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>silenzio-inadempimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (e di connesso </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>ritardo</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> nella conclusione del procedimento), invece, si è al cospetto di un </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>illecito permanente della PA</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (un inadempimento permanente, così additato dalla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>Relazione</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> al c.p.a.) in costanza del quale il privato che si assuma danneggiato </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>può sempre agire</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> (entro il limite massimo di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>1 anno e 120 giorni</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> dalla </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>scadenza del termine</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> di </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>conclusione del procedimento</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">), con evidente </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>irrilevanza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> appunto dell’</span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>onere di diligenza</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> ridetto (per </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>non affiorare alcun atto</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"> da </span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;"><b>aggredire in sede demolitoria</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow, Arial Narrow, sans-serif;">).</span></p> </li> </ol>
